High-street banks are not that different from any other business.
What sets them apart is that they work with money: looking after it, lending it, and helping you pay for things with it.
Banks look after your money
Keeping small amounts of money in your pocket to pay for things makes sense. But holding larger amounts is risky as there is a chance your money could get lost or stolen.
Many banks today offer free safekeeping services, with no charge for using your current account. In return, they are able to use the money stored with them to earn a profit, by lending it to other people.
We make sure banks operate in a safe and sound way so that your money is there when you need it. And should the worst happen and your bank fails, you could claim up to £85,000 of your money back through the Financial Services Compensation Scheme.
Banks lend money
Banks don’t just look after your money. They also lend money to those who need it.
Banks provide loans for many things, whether you’re a family looking to buy a house or a business seeking to expand, hire and grow. In this way, the flow of lending can help the economy as a whole to thrive.
Lending money is a risky business, though. Banks can lose out if someone they have lent money to doesn’t pay it back.
Banks know this, so they try to make sure they earn enough profit by charging more interest for lending money than they pay out in interest on people’s savings.
Of course, some loans are riskier than others – and banks will charge higher interest rates to reflect this.
But no-one can predict the future perfectly. Inevitably, banks sometimes get it wrong: sometimes a large number of loans will not be repaid. So the Bank of England makes sure that banks hold sufficient financial resources in case they face larger losses than they expect. That is part of ensuring banks operate in a safe and sound way.
Banks help you pay for things
Banks provide debit and credit cards so you can pay for things in the shops and online.
Source: UK Payments Markets 2016
When you use a card to buy, say, food, the money is transferred from your bank account to the bank account of the shop. Exactly the same thing happens when you pay for things using your debit or credit card online.
When you add to this the payments for much bigger items, like houses, and all the financial activity between banks and other financial situations, over £500 billion moves between bank accounts every single day. That’s over £5 million every second.
The stakes are very high: if these payments stopped working, then the entire economy would grind to a halt. This is why the Bank of England oversees these payments - to make sure they operate smoothly every day.
Bank of England's explainer to what banks do.
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Hi my name is Jenny and I work at the Bank of England. Today I am going to tell you about why we regulate the banking system.
UK banks help people manage their finances. They look after money held in bank accounts, provide loans to people who need to borrow, and handle millions of customer transactions each day. These include in store and online spending, bills payments, wages and benefits, and high street cash machine withdrawals.
Every day, hundreds of billions of pounds move through the UK financial system. If these services failed, our everyday lives would grind to an immediate halt, so it’s vital that the banking system continues to run smoothly.
This is one of the main reasons that the system is regulated by the Bank of England. We ensure that banks have adequate financial resources and diligently manage their risks so the critical services provided by banks are always available.
What else do banks do?
Looking after your money, lending money and helping you pay for things are the main ways that people use banks in their daily lives.
Banks do other things too. Most investment banks, for example, trade shares, foreign currencies and commodities (like oil or gold) in financial markets on behalf of their clients.
